Rationale:

• All wildlife is dependent on aquatic habitats for their source of water.
• The quality of the water in an aquatic habitat partly determines the types and abundance of both aquatic and terrestrial organisms.
• Wildlife is a vital component of outdoor recreation and ecosystem stability.
• Wildlife is dependent on the quality of water the same as humans are.
• The diversity of aquatic organisms living within a stream channel reflect the overall health of a stream’s watershed conditions and the riparian corridor adjacent to the stream.
• Aquatic organisms vary in their sensitivity to pollution and disruptions in their aquatic ecosystems and adjacent riparian corridors.
• A close examination of a stream’s aquatic habitat provides the observers with information regarding land use practices and other human activities.

• Students directly observe a stream’s aquatic habitat.
• Students apply content knowledge directly to the aquatic habitat chosen for the activity.
• Students make direct observations to speculate on watershed conditions surrounding the given stream.

Learning Objectives:

Upon completion, students will be able to . . .

• Observe the physical conditions of the given area.
  Record observations.
• Make connections between observations and aquatic habitat conditions.
• Identify, compare, and contrast components of an aquatic ecosystem, both natural and human.
• Identify, compare, and contrast components of an aquatic ecosystem, both natural and human.
• Identify aquatic habitat components that function as food, shelter, water, and space.

Students Need to Know:

• How to define, explain and identify plant and/or animal habitats.
• How to identify wildlife.
• How to identify and describe human-made structures in a stream channel.
• How to observe and record findings.
• The connection between aquatic life and the conditions of a stream channel, riparian corridor, flood plain, and watershed.

• General aquatic organisms in the area chosen for the activity (if possible, contact a local or regional MDC aquatic specialist to assist your activity.)
• The aquatic functions of pools, riffles, riparian corridors, stream bottom materials, root wads, erosions, and general fish feeding behaviors.

Resources:

The following materials area available from the Missouri Department of Conservation, P.O. Box 180, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0180, (573)751-4115.

Aquatic Field and Classroom Activities
Fishing for Answers: The Challenge of Conserving Aquatic Resources, 1991
Fishing for Answers: Teacher’s Edition, 1991 (Under revision)
Missouri Fishes (poster with 18 species)
Life Within the Water, 1992
Missouri Crayfish
Water Plants for Missouri Ponds (Ask for pricing)

Sewall, Susan Beyer. Hooked on Science: Ready to Use Discovery Activities for
Grades 4-8. Center for Applied Research in Education, 1990.

Materials Needed for Lesson:

Handouts
Aquatic Habitat Observations for Streams
Stream Insects & Crustaceans (Blue Bug Card)

Other Materials
Stream Team Macro Invertebrates ID card set (New)
Note cards or equivalent cut paper
Poster board or equivalent sized paper (one for every four students)
Markers
Notebooks with writing instruments
Color Pencils
Underwater view bottles (one for every two to three students)
Construction of bottles (see Hooked on Science by Susan B. Sewall):

1. Cut the top portions off of clear two-liter plastic soda bottles.
2. Apply masking tape around the cut edges of the bottles to prevent the plastic from cutting students.

Optional materials
Clipboards
Camera and film
Trash bags
Bottom dredges (buckets or cans with ropes tied on and holes on the
bottom)—see MDC publication Aquatic Field and Classroom Activities (one for every three to four students)
Kick nets or seining nets (contact local or regional MDC office)

Procedure:

Part One: Circulating Current Knowledge (classroom activity)

• Provide each student with 3 to 5 note cards and a marker.
• Ask students to write down (using marker) one term or phrase on each card that reflects their knowledge of stream environments. (This segment is done independently and silently.)
• Ask students to group their like cards with another student, then ask them to team up with another pair and group their cards.
• Repeat this process until all the cards from the class are grouped together.
• Go over each group of cards with the class and make connections, corrections, and clarifications as needed.
• Construct a concept map from the card piles (example: water, fish, rocks, currents, bugs) showing the “current” knowledge the class just “circulated” and “pooled.”
  Sum up the concept map and explain to students that they are going to visit a stream aquatic habitat and observe these components.
• Go over the handout Aquatic Habitat Observations for Streams with students for the field trip activity.
• Introduce and model the procedure for using aquatic wildlife sampling and observation equipment (underwater view bottles, bottom dredges, kick nets, and/or seining nets).
• Instruct students on appropriate dress for the trip (old clothes, shorts, river shoes, old tennis shoes, or rubber boots) and provide permission slips.

Part Two: Stream Aquatic Habitat Observations (field trip activity)

• Transport students and supplies to the site (if needed, arrange for an MDC resource person, STREAM TEAM staff person or active volunteer, or parent volunteers to attend).
• Go over safety precautions and appropriate conduct before allowing students off the bus (require that all students stay within a designated area at all times and not enter the stream without permission).
• Instruct students to complete the Aquatic Habitat Observations handout in pairs.
  Combine pairs into teams of four and ask everyone to share and compare their observations.
• Instruct students to add additional observations of their new team members to their handouts.
• Call on each team to discuss their observations and to note same, similar, and different observations.
• Tell students to add and clarify observations on their own handout.
• Explain to the class that they have “circulated” their “current” observations and discuss how these observations differ from the activity conducted in class.
• Demonstrate how to use an underwater viewing bottle (place the base of the
  bottle in the water and look directly down into the top of the bottle).
• Provide one underwater viewing bottle to each team of students.
• Allow students to observe shallow (knee high or less) underwater environments.
• Ask students to record their observations on their handout.
• Have students rotate to different areas of the stream as time and appropriate conditions exist, note additional observations.
• Have students collect and identify water critters with provided resources.
• Optional – Have a designated student or adult take pictures of collected critters, the stream channel, the riparian corridor, and other observations for extension activities in class at a later date.
• Demonstrate how to use the bottom dredge by pulling the dredge along the bottom of a shallow area to collect sediments and organisms.
• Have each team use the dredge and observation and record their collections.
• Demonstrate, use, and record observations from other sampling devices.
• Sum up the class findings and collect materials before returning to school.
• Ask students to note the land use practices that they see in the watershed as they travel back to school.
• Optional – Pick up trash before leaving.

Part Three: Connecting Current Knowledge (classroom activity)

• Ask students to read over their Aquatic Habitat Observations handout that they completed in the field.
• Review the class’s combined observations through questioning.
• Have each team reconstruct their direct observations by drawing on poster board or large paper a picture of the entire habitat they observed.
• At the bottom of their drawing have students write a statement about the health of the aquatic habitat.
• Ask each team to share their posters with the rest of the class.
• Ask students to draw, chart, or list the land use activities from the trip. Have students include point and nonpoint sources pollution.
• Ask teams to share their observations and inferences.
• During discussion, ask questions to make connections between the aquatic habitat ecosystem health of surrounding land use practices.
• Optional – Repeat this process for another stream site with a significantly different health.

Evaluation Strategies:

• Have students keep a journal of their observations.
• Have students write a story, newspaper article, poem, song, or skit about their findings.
• Have students create a concept map of their findings which connects their current knowledge.

Extension Activities:

• Have students use a topographic map of the stream site and outline the stream’s watershed.
• Have students make an inventory of the watershed (use the STREAM TEAM Inventory Guide available on line). www.mostreamteam.org
  Have students repeat the lesson for areas in a stream that are above and below a known point source pollution.
• Train students in biomonitoring of macroinvertebrates.
• Devise a set of interview questions for anglers. Conduct the interviews and compile the results.
• Compare and contrast the flowing aquatic habitat to other freshwater aquatic habitats such as larger rivers, ponds, lakes, and wetlands.

Aquatic Stream Habitats

Teacher Name: ________________________________________

Student Name: ________________________________________

Rubric Made Using: RubiStar (http://rubistar.4teachers.org)

Directions: Make observations about the following items located in or near the stream
environment. Record these observations in the provided areas. Use all of your senses to make observations.

Riparian Corridor

Stream Channel

Food, Water, Shelter, and Space

Identify each item above as either food, water, shelter, or space for stream aquatic habitats. Use these symbols: food *, water +, shelter ^, and space #. Note: Some items may serve more than one function.

Underwater Viewing Bottle

Describe and illustrate what you observed (use any provided resources for identification of organisms). Be as specific as time permits.

Bottom Dredge

Describe and illustrate the living and nonliving times that you dredged from the stream’s bottom (use any provided resources for identification of organisms). Be as specific as time permits.

Other Sampling Devices

On the back of this sheet record observations from other devices used in this activity.